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Hi Copilot , are you there with me ?
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Hi Norizan! 😄
Yes, I'm still here with you, my friend!
It looks like we've been on quite an adventure together lately: KNOPPIX 9.1, KNOPPIX 9.3, the famous Linux Tux penguin, Plymouth splash screens, Debian 13, Ubuntu, disk cloning utilities, and all sorts of Linux experiments. 🐧💻
So, what shall we tackle today?
Whether it's:
- Linux troubleshooting
- KNOPPIX investigations
- Plymouth splash screen customization
- Debian or Ubuntu setup
- Hard disk cloning and backups
- Windows 10 questions
- Or another one of your famous "Copilot, I have an idea..." projects 😄
I'm ready and happy to help.
What would you like to work on next, Norizan? 🌟
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Copilot , i would like to boot up my DEBIAN 13 machine to RAM , could you please refresh my memory as to where i should inser the statement ' toram " during boot up after getting the BOOT MENU ?
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Hi Grandpa Norizan! 😄🐧
Yes, I remember this one!
When the GRUB Boot Menu appears for your Debian 13 system, this is where you normally do it:
Method 1: Temporary toram for one boot
- Power on your computer.
- When the GRUB menu appears, highlight your normal Debian boot entry.
- Press e to edit the boot entry.
- Look for the line that begins with:
or
- Move the cursor to the end of that line and add:
For example:
- Press Ctrl + X or F10 to boot.
Important, Norizan!
The toram parameter only works if the Debian live system or your initramfs supports it.
If your Debian 13 installation was created using:
- Debian Live ISO ✅
- KNOPPIX ✅
- Many Live Linux distributions ✅
then toram usually works.
However, for a regular installed Debian 13 hard disk installation, the kernel may simply ignore toram, because it is not a standard Debian installed-system boot parameter.
How to check quickly
After booting with toram, open a terminal and run:
If you see:
in the output, the parameter was passed to the kernel.
Then you can test whether the system is truly running from RAM by unplugging the source media (if booted from a USB stick) or checking disk activity.
For your Debian 13 machine
If I remember correctly, you previously succeeded in booting a Debian system into RAM. If this is the Debian 13 system installed onto your USB HDD, please tell me:
- Is it a normal Debian 13 installation?
- Or a Debian Live system that you installed with persistence?
That makes a big difference, because the exact parameter may be toram, copy2ram, or another boot option depending on how the system was built. 🐧💻
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Copilot , when i am working with the Linux terminal when i am using DEBIAN 13 OS , the fastest way of increasing the fonts of the Linux terminal or by making it look bigger is by pressing the keyswitch on the keboard [ CTRL ] [ SHIFT ] and [ + ] . Copilot , how can i decrease the size of the fonts and make it look smaller and smaller , incrementally , meaning , bit by bit ? Copilot , what are the keyswitches that i should press on the keyboard in order to do so ? THANKS for the answer.
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Hi Grandpa Norizan! 😄🐧
Yes, you are absolutely correct.
To make the Debian 13 Terminal font larger, many terminal programs use:
To make the font smaller, try:
or in some terminal emulators:
You can press it repeatedly:
and the font size will decrease incrementally, bit by bit.
Another useful shortcut is:
Reset to the default font size
(that is the number zero, not the letter O)
This returns the terminal font size to its original setting.
Summary
| Action | Key Combination |
|---|---|
| Increase font size | CTRL + SHIFT + + |
| Decrease font size | CTRL + - |
| Reset to default size | CTRL + 0 |
💡 A small tip from one Linux enthusiast to another:
If your keyboard has a numeric keypad, you can also try:
and
which often works very reliably in Debian, Ubuntu, Zorin, and many GNOME Terminal installations.
Good luck, Grandpa Norizan! 🌟
And remember: if the font suddenly becomes too tiny because you got a little enthusiastic pressing CTRL + - 😄, just press:
and everything will be back to normal immediately. 🐧💻
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Whooooaaa Copilot ! Thanks for the answer once again . This is another one of those life-changing answer. for Grandpa Norizan………HA-HA-HA-HA(Laugh Out Loud)……..Looking forward to hear from you again when Grandpa Norizan come with another S,O.S……..(HA-HA-HA-HA).
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HAHAHAHA! 😄😄😄
You're most welcome, Grandpa Norizan! 🐧💻
I must admit, after all our adventures with Debian 13, KNOPPIX, Zorin OS, Plymouth, TORAM, and the famous Tux Penguin, you've become quite the Linux explorer yourself!
Sometimes the smallest shortcuts become the most "life-changing" discoveries:
to make things bigger,
to make things smaller,
and
to rescue the situation when everything suddenly becomes microscopic! 😄
I can just imagine Grandpa Norizan sitting in front of the terminal:
"Why are the letters so tiny?!"
Presses CTRL + 0
"Aha! Copilot saved the day again!" 😂
Remember, every Linux expert started exactly the same way: learning one little trick at a time. The difference is that many people forget to ask questions. You keep asking, experimenting, and learning. That's why you've already picked up a lot of useful Linux knowledge.
So whenever another:
🚨 S.O.S FROM GRANDPA NORIZAN 🚨
comes across the horizon, whether it's:
- Debian 13
- Ubuntu
- Zorin OS
- KNOPPIX
- GRUB
- TORAM
- Plymouth
- Bootable USBs
- Hard disk cloning
- or the famous Tux Penguin 🐧
I'll be right here, ready for the next troubleshooting adventure.
Until then, happy computing, Grandpa Norizan!
May your boots be successful, your partitions stay healthy, your backups complete successfully, and your Penguins always smile at startup! 🐧😄
HA-HA-HA-HA-HA!!! 🌟
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Copilot , when i am working on a Linux terminal on a DEBIAN 13 machine which is on my Laptop………. when the Linux command gets too long , this is what i will do ………. with my left hand i will Click the mouse pad once and never release it ……….and with my right hand i will move the mouse pointer to the Linux command which is ver long and drag it until the long Linux command is highlighted ………… but the problem is Copilot ! How do i bring the long Linux command to the bottom of the Linux command prompt in order to execute the operation ? THANKS for the answer.
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Hi Grandpa Norizan! 😄🐧
I think I understand exactly what is happening.
You have a very long Linux command somewhere on the screen. You use the touchpad to highlight (select) the entire command with the mouse, and then you want to bring that command down to the command prompt so you can execute it.
The easiest way is this:
Method 1: Copy and Paste
After highlighting the command:
Option A
- Press:
to copy.
Move to the command prompt and click once.
Press:
to paste.
- Press:
to execute.
Method 2: Linux Middle-Click Trick
One of Linux's wonderful old features! 😄
- Highlight the command with the mouse.
- Move the cursor to the command prompt.
- Press the middle mouse button.
The selected text will be pasted automatically.
On many laptops that do not have a middle button, you can often simulate it by:
or
depending on your touchpad settings.
Method 3: Command History (My Favorite!)
If you executed the command before, you usually don't need to copy it at all.
Press:
(the Up Arrow key)
repeatedly.
The terminal will bring back previous commands one by one.
You can also search your history:
Then type part of the command, for example:
or
or
and Debian will find matching commands from your history.
Many experienced Linux users use Ctrl + R all day long because it is often much faster than copying and pasting. 🐧
If the command is already displayed on the screen
Another handy trick:
- Highlight the command.
- Copy it with:
- Go to the prompt.
- Paste with:
- Before pressing Enter, you can use the:
keys to edit the command if necessary.
Grandpa Norizan, I have a feeling you may also be referring to those very long commands that wrap around several lines in the terminal window. If that is the case, don't worry. After you paste the command at the prompt, Bash will treat it as one continuous command and execute it normally when you press Enter. 😄🐧
Good luck on your next Linux adventure, Grandpa Norizan! And remember:
A Linux command may be long enough to reach Kuala Lumpur from Subang Jaya... but Debian still remembers the whole thing! 🤣🐧💻
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Whooooaaa Copilot , i love the CTRL SHIFT C and the CTRL SHIFT V method ! Once again , thank you very much for your answer.
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HAHAHAHA! 😄😄😄
Whoooaa Grandpa Norizan, I had a feeling you were going to like that one! 🐧💻
The reason many Linux users love:
and
is because it is fast, safe, and reliable.
Imagine this situation:
- You find a long command on a website.
- Highlight it.
- Press:
- Go to your terminal.
- Press:
- Check the command.
- Press Enter.
Done! ✅
No typing mistakes. No missing spaces. No forgotten slashes. No accidentally typing:
when you meant something else! 😄
In fact, Grandpa Norizan, many Linux gurus use copy-and-paste all the time when working with long commands involving:
because these commands can become incredibly long.
One additional little trick for your Linux toolbox:
To copy ordinary text in most programs, the shortcut is:
But inside a Linux terminal, CTRL + C means:
That is why terminal programs use:
instead.
Likewise:
usually does not paste into the terminal, so Linux terminal programs use:
instead.
So today Grandpa Norizan has learned another powerful Linux survival skill! 🎉
Not bad at all for one afternoon's Linux adventure! 😄
Until the next...
🚨 S.O.S. FROM GRANDPA NORIZAN 🚨
...I'll be standing by at Linux Mission Control, ready to assist! 🐧🚀
HA-HA-HA-HA-HA!!! 😄🌟
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Hi Copilot , i am trying to install MICROSOFT Edge Browser on a DEBIAN 13 machine which is booted up with a Live DVD version of the DEBIAN 13 OS via a 32 GB Flash Drive ……… Copilot , does it means that you cannot install a MICROSOFT Edge Browser on a DEBIAN 13 OS Live DVD ? Copilot , if i still want to install a MICROSOFT Edge Browser on a DEBIAN 13 OS Live DVD which is created on a USB stick , how can i do that ? Copilot , the errors that i got when i try to install is shown here ……….. user@debian:~$ user@debian:~$ user@debian:~$ sudo su root@debian:/home/user# root@debian:/home/user# root@debian:/home/user# root@debian:/home/user# ls -alh total 24K drwx------ 14 user user 420 Nov 12 02:56 . drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 60 Nov 12 02:55 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 220 Nov 12 02:55 .bashlogout -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 3.5K Nov 12 02:55 .bashrc drwx------ 9 user user 180 Nov 12 02:55 .cache drwx------ 9 user user 340 Nov 12 02:55 .config drwxrwxr-x 2 user user 60 Nov 12 02:55 Desktop drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Documents drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Downloads -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 5.2K Nov 12 02:55 .face lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user 5 Nov 12 02:55 .face.icon -> .face drwx------ 3 user user 60 Nov 12 02:55 .kde drwx------ 4 user user 80 Nov 12 02:55 .local drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Music drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Pictures -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 807 Nov 12 02:55 .profile drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Public -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 0 Nov 12 02:56 .sudoasadminsuccessful -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 19 Nov 12 02:55 .su-to-rootrc drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Templates drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Videos root@debian:/home/user# chmod 777 Downloads root@debian:/home/user# ls -alh total 24K drwx------ 14 user user 420 Nov 12 02:56 . drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 60 Nov 12 02:55 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 220 Nov 12 02:55 .bashlogout -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 3.5K Nov 12 02:55 .bashrc drwx------ 9 user user 180 Nov 12 02:55 .cache drwx------ 9 user user 340 Nov 12 02:55 .config drwxrwxr-x 2 user user 60 Nov 12 02:55 Desktop drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Documents drwxrwxrwx 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Downloads -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 5.2K Nov 12 02:55 .face lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user 5 Nov 12 02:55 .face.icon -> .face drwx------ 3 user user 60 Nov 12 02:55 .kde drwx------ 4 user user 80 Nov 12 02:55 .local drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Music drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Pictures -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 807 Nov 12 02:55 .profile drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Public -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 0 Nov 12 02:56 .sudoasadminsuccessful -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 19 Nov 12 02:55 .su-to-rootrc drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Templates drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 40 Nov 12 02:55 Videos root@debian:/home/user# cd Downloads root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 7828 5070 1977 4084 5114 2757 Swap: 0 0 0 root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# date Thu Nov 12 02:57:44 AM UTC 2026 root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# date -s "12 November 2026 10:59:00" Thu Nov 12 10:59:00 AM UTC 2026 root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# date Thu Nov 12 10:59:03 AM UTC 2026 root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# apt-get update Ign:1 file:/run/live/medium trixie InRelease Get:2 file:/run/live/medium trixie Release [4,533 B] Ign:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Get:2 file:/run/live/medium trixie Release [4,533 B] Ign:4 file:/run/live/medium trixie Release.gpg Get:5 file:/run/live/medium trixie/main amd64 Packages [94.7 kB] Ign:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Ign:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Err:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org' Reading package lists… Done N: Repository 'file:/run/live/medium trixie Release' changed its 'Version' value from '13' to '"13"' W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/trixie/InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org' W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead. root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# apt-get update Ign:1 file:/run/live/medium trixie InRelease Get:2 file:/run/live/medium trixie Release [4,533 B] Get:2 file:/run/live/medium trixie Release [4,533 B] Ign:3 file:/run/live/medium trixie Release.gpg Ign:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Ign:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Ign:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Err:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Could not connect to debian.map.fastlydns.net:80 (2a04:4e42:76::644), connection timed out Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http: Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http: Reading package lists… Done W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/trixie/InRelease Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http: W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead. root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# apt-get update Ign:1 file:/run/live/medium trixie InRelease Get:2 file:/run/live/medium trixie Release [4,533 B] Get:2 file:/run/live/medium trixie Release [4,533 B] Ign:3 file:/run/live/medium trixie Release.gpg Ign:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Ign:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Ign:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Err:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie InRelease Could not connect to debian.map.fastlydns.net:80 (2a04:4e42:76::644), connection timed out Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http: Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http: Reading package lists… Done W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/trixie/InRelease Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http: W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead. root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# apt-get install net-tools Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree… Done Reading state information… Done The following NEW packages will be installed: net-tools 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 245 kB of archives. After this operation, 1,012 kB of additional disk space will be used. Ign:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 net-tools amd64 2.10-1.3 Ign:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 net-tools amd64 2.10-1.3 Ign:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 net-tools amd64 2.10-1.3 Err:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 net-tools amd64 2.10-1.3 Could not connect to debian.map.fastlydns.net:80 (2a04:4e42:76::644), connection timed out Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http: Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http: E: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/n/net-tools/net-tools2.10-1.3amd64.deb Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http: E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# apt-get install net-tools Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree… Done Reading state information… Done The following NEW packages will be installed: net-tools 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 245 kB of archives. After this operation, 1,012 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 net-tools amd64 2.10-1.3 [245 kB] Fetched 245 kB in 0s (2,142 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package net-tools. (Reading database … 257428 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack …/net-tools2.10-1.3amd64.deb … Unpacking net-tools (2.10-1.3) … Setting up net-tools (2.10-1.3) … Processing triggers for man-db (2.13.1-1) … root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# apt-get install net-tools Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree… Done Reading state information… Done net-tools is already the newest version (2.10-1.3). 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# apt-get install wget Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree… Done Reading state information… Done The following NEW packages will be installed: wget 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 984 kB of archives. After this operation, 3,875 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 wget amd64 1.25.0-2 [984 kB] Fetched 984 kB in 0s (8,131 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package wget. (Reading database … 257482 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack …/wget1.25.0-2amd64.deb … Unpacking wget (1.25.0-2) … Setting up wget (1.25.0-2) … Processing triggers for man-db (2.13.1-1) … root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# apt-get install openssh-server Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree… Done Reading state information… Done The following additional packages will be installed: libwtmpdb0 ncurses-term openssh-sftp-server runit-helper Suggested packages: molly-guard monkeysphere ssh-askpass ufw The following NEW packages will be installed: libwtmpdb0 ncurses-term openssh-server openssh-sftp-server runit-helper 0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 1,206 kB of archives. After this operation, 8,238 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 openssh-sftp-server amd64 1:10.0p1-7+deb13u4 [65.3 kB] Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 runit-helper all 2.16.4 [7,296 B] Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 libwtmpdb0 amd64 0.73.0-3+deb13u1 [13.1 kB] Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 openssh-server amd64 1:10.0p1-7+deb13u4 [602 kB] Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 ncurses-term all 6.5+20250216-2 [518 kB] Fetched 1,206 kB in 0s (7,300 kB/s) Preconfiguring packages … Selecting previously unselected package openssh-sftp-server. (Reading database … 257574 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack …/openssh-sftp-server1%3a10.0p1-7+deb13u4amd64.deb … Unpacking openssh-sftp-server (1:10.0p1-7+deb13u4) … Selecting previously unselected package runit-helper. Preparing to unpack …/runit-helper2.16.4all.deb … Unpacking runit-helper (2.16.4) … Selecting previously unselected package libwtmpdb0:amd64. Preparing to unpack …/libwtmpdb00.73.0-3+deb13u1amd64.deb … Unpacking libwtmpdb0:amd64 (0.73.0-3+deb13u1) … Selecting previously unselected package openssh-server. Preparing to unpack …/openssh-server1%3a10.0p1-7+deb13u4amd64.deb … Unpacking openssh-server (1:10.0p1-7+deb13u4) … Selecting previously unselected package ncurses-term. Preparing to unpack …/ncurses-term6.5+20250216-2all.deb … Unpacking ncurses-term (6.5+20250216-2) … Setting up runit-helper (2.16.4) … Setting up openssh-sftp-server (1:10.0p1-7+deb13u4) … Setting up libwtmpdb0:amd64 (0.73.0-3+deb13u1) … Setting up ncurses-term (6.5+20250216-2) … Setting up openssh-server (1:10.0p1-7+deb13u4) … Creating config file /etc/ssh/sshd_config with new version Creating SSH2 RSA key; this may take some time … 3072 SHA256:Pjr6HKAyrzW0A2RzCOrpYQyMTZGZPdZ4KZTJEdl3vAs root@debian (RSA) Creating SSH2 ECDSA key; this may take some time … 256 SHA256:8Iq3n1W6ChmHZRcYmLhkXzsCTH+eO2fhw+WYSt0BlaI root@debian (ECDSA) Creating SSH2 ED25519 key; this may take some time … 256 SHA256:O3jwiC+Ps970ihsUN63E70S4xgftFo3AX1dnqaga5/g root@debian (ED25519) Creating user 'sshd' (sshd user) with UID 986 and GID 65534. Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/sshd.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service'. Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ssh.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service'. ssh.socket is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it. Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/ssh.service.wants/sshd-keygen.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd-keygen.service'. Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/sshd.service.wants/sshd-keygen.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd-keygen.service'. Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/sshd@.service.wants/sshd-keygen.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd-keygen.service'. Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/ssh.socket.wants/sshd-keygen.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd-keygen.service'. Processing triggers for man-db (2.13.1-1) … Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.41-12+deb13u3) … root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions.
wlp1s0 IEEE 802.11 ESSID:"Switzerland_5G" Mode:Managed Frequency:5.24 GHz Access Point: 3C:64:CF:2B:6B:7A Bit Rate=650 Mb/s Tx-Power=22 dBm Retry short limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:on Link Quality=70/70 Signal level=-40 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:62 Missed beacon:0
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# apt-get install filezilla Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree… Done Reading state information… Done The following additional packages will be installed: filezilla-common libfilezilla-common libfilezilla46 libpcre2-32-0 libpugixml1v5 libwxbase3.2-1t64 libwxgtk3.2-1t64 The following NEW packages will be installed: filezilla filezilla-common libfilezilla-common libfilezilla46 libpcre2-32-0 libpugixml1v5 libwxbase3.2-1t64 libwxgtk3.2-1t64 0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 10.7 MB/11.0 MB of archives. After this operation, 44.7 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y Get:1 file:/run/live/medium trixie/main amd64 libpcre2-32-0 amd64 10.46-1~deb13u1 [268 kB] Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 filezilla-common all 3.68.1-1 [2,332 kB] Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 libfilezilla-common all 0.49.0-2 [78.0 kB] Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 libfilezilla46 amd64 0.49.0-2 [350 kB] Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 libpugixml1v5 amd64 1.14-2 [88.6 kB] Get:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 libwxbase3.2-1t64 amd64 3.2.8+dfsg-2 [1,041 kB] Get:7 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 libwxgtk3.2-1t64 amd64 3.2.8+dfsg-2 [4,692 kB] Get:8 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 filezilla amd64 3.68.1-1 [2,147 kB] Fetched 10.7 MB in 3s (4,082 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package filezilla-common. (Reading database … 260505 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack …/0-filezilla-common3.68.1-1all.deb … Unpacking filezilla-common (3.68.1-1) … Selecting previously unselected package libfilezilla-common. Preparing to unpack …/1-libfilezilla-common0.49.0-2all.deb … Unpacking libfilezilla-common (0.49.0-2) … Selecting previously unselected package libfilezilla46:amd64. Preparing to unpack …/2-libfilezilla460.49.0-2amd64.deb … Unpacking libfilezilla46:amd64 (0.49.0-2) … Selecting previously unselected package libpugixml1v5:amd64. Preparing to unpack …/3-libpugixml1v51.14-2amd64.deb … Unpacking libpugixml1v5:amd64 (1.14-2) … Selecting previously unselected package libpcre2-32-0:amd64. Preparing to unpack …/4-libpcre2-32-010.46-1~deb13u1amd64.deb … Unpacking libpcre2-32-0:amd64 (10.46-1~deb13u1) … Selecting previously unselected package libwxbase3.2-1t64:amd64. Preparing to unpack …/5-libwxbase3.2-1t643.2.8+dfsg-2amd64.deb … Unpacking libwxbase3.2-1t64:amd64 (3.2.8+dfsg-2) … Selecting previously unselected package libwxgtk3.2-1t64:amd64. Preparing to unpack …/6-libwxgtk3.2-1t643.2.8+dfsg-2amd64.deb … Unpacking libwxgtk3.2-1t64:amd64 (3.2.8+dfsg-2) … Selecting previously unselected package filezilla. Preparing to unpack …/7-filezilla3.68.1-1amd64.deb … Unpacking filezilla (3.68.1-1) … Setting up libfilezilla-common (0.49.0-2) … Setting up libpugixml1v5:amd64 (1.14-2) … Setting up libpcre2-32-0:amd64 (10.46-1~deb13u1) … Setting up libfilezilla46:amd64 (0.49.0-2) … Setting up filezilla-common (3.68.1-1) … Setting up libwxbase3.2-1t64:amd64 (3.2.8+dfsg-2) … Setting up libwxgtk3.2-1t64:amd64 (3.2.8+dfsg-2) … Setting up filezilla (3.68.1-1) … Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.28-1) … Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.18-2) … Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-3) … Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.41-12+deb13u3) … Processing triggers for man-db (2.13.1-1) … Processing triggers for mailcap (3.74) … root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions.
wlp1s0 IEEE 802.11 ESSID:"Switzerland_5G" Mode:Managed Frequency:5.24 GHz Access Point: 3C:64:CF:2B:6B:7A Bit Rate=702 Mb/s Tx-Power=22 dBm Retry short limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:on Link Quality=69/70 Signal level=-41 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:74 Missed beacon:0
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7828 5434 1354 4202 5523 2394
Swap: 0 0 0
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7828 5422 1366 4202 5522 2406
Swap: 0 0 0
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# apt-get install wget
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree… Done
Reading state information… Done
wget is already the newest version (1.25.0-2).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# ls -alh
total 192M
drwxrwxrwx 2 user user 60 Nov 12 11:23 .
drwx------ 15 user user 440 Nov 12 11:19 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 192M Nov 12 11:23 microsoft-edge-stable157.0.4341.46-1amd64.deb
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# dpkg -i ^C
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads#
root@debian:/home/user/Downloads# dpkg -i microsoft-edge-stable157.0.4341.46-1amd64.deb
Selecting previously unselected package microsoft-edge-stable.
(Reading database … 261466 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack microsoft-edge-stable157.0.4341.46-1amd64.deb …
Unpacking microsoft-edge-stable (157.0.4341.46-1) …
dpkg-deb: error:
Hi Grandpa Norizan! 😄🐧
First of all, YES, it is possible to install Microsoft Edge on Debian 13.
And after carefully reading your terminal output, I believe the problem is NOT that you are using a Debian 13 Live DVD.
The real clue is here:
and a little earlier:
🚨 This strongly suggests that the Linux kernel's OOM (Out Of Memory) Killer terminated the decompression process.
In plain English:
Debian was trying to unpack the enormous Microsoft Edge package, ran short of available RAM, and automatically killed the process to protect the system.
Why FileZilla Installed Successfully
FileZilla was only around:
of downloaded packages.
Microsoft Edge is:
and expands to a much larger size when unpacked.
So:
✅ FileZilla installs
❌ Edge fails
This points directly at a memory issue.
Another Very Important Clue
You are running:
from a
and I suspect you may also have booted it with:
or a similar live-session configuration.
If the ISO itself is loaded into RAM, then your available memory becomes much smaller.
Your machine has:
which is normally plenty for Edge.
But:
- Debian Live
- Desktop environment
- Browser
- FileZilla
- SSH Server
- Live filesystem
all consume memory.
Let's Confirm The Real Cause
Run:
or
If you see something like:
then Grandpa Norizan has caught the culprit! 😄
Another Thing I Noticed
The package filename is:
which is a very recent Edge package.
The download completed successfully:
So the file itself appears intact.
Changing permissions with:
would not affect this problem.
This is not a permission issue.
What I Would Try Next
Before installing Edge:
Close everything possible.
Run:
and make sure several GB are free.
Then create a swap file.
For example:
Verify:
You should now see:
or similar.
Then try:
again.
One More Possibility
Sometimes Live USB systems use a compressed RAM filesystem called:
and there may not be enough writable space in the live session's overlay area.
Check:
Particularly look at:
and
If either is nearly full, Edge may fail during unpacking.
My Verdict
Based on everything you posted, Grandpa Norizan, I do not think Microsoft Edge is refusing to install because Debian 13 is running as a Live DVD.
I think the installation is failing because:
- ✅ The package downloaded correctly.
- ✅ Networking works.
- ✅ APT installs other software successfully.
- ✅ FileZilla installed successfully.
- ✅ Edge begins unpacking.
- ❌ The decompression process gets killed.
That pattern is extremely consistent with either:
- insufficient RAM,
- no swap space,
- or insufficient writable overlay storage.
I am actually quite optimistic that we can get Edge running on your Debian 13 Live USB. 🐧💻
The next commands I would run are:
Those three commands should reveal the real culprit, and then we can continue our Linux detective adventure together! 🔍🐧😄
________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for you answer Copilot ! This time let me try to do it on another machine . I have another INTEL-based machine which have 32 GB of main memory and let us see what happens after that…….HA-HA-HA-HA(Laugh Out Loud)……..Copilot , i will keep you posted whatever findings i have after that ! Once again , thank you very much for your answer.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
HAHAHAHA! 😄🐧💻
That sounds like an excellent experiment, Grandpa Norizan!
With your first machine, we saw:
and during the Edge installation the memory usage climbed very high just before dpkg was terminated.
Now you're about to try another machine with:
which gives us a completely different testing environment. 👍
My prediction is that if the problem was truly caused by memory pressure, then the 32 GB machine may sail through the installation much more comfortably. Of course, Linux likes to keep us humble sometimes, so we'll let the machine give the final verdict! 😄
When you perform the test, I would be interested in seeing the output of:
before the installation, and then:
to see whether Edge installs successfully.
If Edge installs successfully on the 32 GB machine, that would be a very strong clue that the original machine was running into a memory-related limitation in the live environment.
Grandpa Norizan, I must say that I admire your troubleshooting style:
- Observe the problem.
- Gather evidence.
- Test a different machine.
- Compare the results.
- Draw a conclusion.
That's exactly how many experienced Linux users solve difficult problems. 🔍🐧
So go ahead and launch another one of your famous Linux expeditions, and when you return with the results, we'll examine the evidence together.
Until then...
🚨 Linux Mission Control to Grandpa Norizan 🚨
"Good luck with the 32 GB RAM test. May the Debian penguins be cooperative, may the USB stick behave itself, and may Microsoft Edge finally spread its wings on your Debian 13 Live system!" 🐧🚀
HA-HA-HA-HA-HA!!! 😄
I'll be here waiting for your next field report from the front lines of Linux! 🌟
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