Linux Operating System KNOPPIX 9.1 _ sources.list _NEW _ HOWTO

 

Linux Operating System KNOPPIX 9.1 _ sources.list _NEW _ HOWTO  [ 1 ]

root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix#  
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix#  
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix#  
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix#  
root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# cd /etc/apt
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt# ls -alh
total 63K
drwxr-xr-x   8 root root   60 Sep 12 04:50 .
drwxr-xr-x 282 root root  260 Sep 12 04:50 ..
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 2.0K Feb  3  2021 apt.conf.d
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 2.0K May 28  2019 auth.conf.d
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 1.5K Apr 12  2014 mirror.list
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 2.0K Feb  7  2020 preferences.d
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 2.0K Jul 30  2019 sources.list
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 2.0K Sep 12 04:50 sources.list_backup
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 2.0K Jan 21  2014 sources.list.d
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  45K Sep  8  2016 trusted.gpg
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 2.0K Jul  1  2019 trusted.gpg.d
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt# cat sources.list
# Debian/Buster is the stable base for this installation
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org stable/updates main contrib non-free

# testing/unstable/experimental contain newer versions, but
# packages from there are not being installed by default, unless
# they came from there in the first place.
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian testing main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian experimental main contrib non-free

# Debian/Squeeze was the prvious "stable". OpenSCAD is still installed
# from there, until https://github.com/openscad/openscad/issues/2933
# is fixed.
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian oldstable main contrib non-free

# Debian/volatile contains quickly changing data like spam- and virusfilter databases
# Does not exist anymore
# deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile stable/volatile main contrib non-free  
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free

# Former Knoppix repository (alioth closed by Debian in 2018)
# deb http://debian-knoppix.alioth.debian.org ./

# x2go
# deb http://x2go.obviously-nice.de/deb/ lenny main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian squeeze main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian wheezy main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian sid main

# Debian Multimedia, contains non-free software like acrobat reader
# deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org squeeze main non-free

# eviacam
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu utopic main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu utopic main
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu vivid main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu vivid main
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu trusty main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu trusty main
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt# cat sources.list|more
# Debian/Buster is the stable base for this installation
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org stable/updates main contrib non-free

# testing/unstable/experimental contain newer versions, but
# packages from there are not being installed by default, unless
# they came from there in the first place.
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian testing main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian experimental main contrib non-free

# Debian/Squeeze was the prvious "stable". OpenSCAD is still installed
# from there, until https://github.com/openscad/openscad/issues/2933
# is fixed.
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian oldstable main contrib non-free

# Debian/volatile contains quickly changing data like spam- and virusfilter databases
# Does not exist anymore
# deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile stable/volatile main contrib non-free  
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free

# Former Knoppix repository (alioth closed by Debian in 2018)
# deb http://debian-knoppix.alioth.debian.org ./

# x2go
# deb http://x2go.obviously-nice.de/deb/ lenny main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian squeeze main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian wheezy main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian sid main

# Debian Multimedia, contains non-free software like acrobat reader
# deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org squeeze main non-free

# eviacam
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu utopic main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu utopic main
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu vivid main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu vivid main
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu trusty main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu trusty main
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt# cat sources.list|more
# Debian/Buster is the stable base for this installation
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org stable/updates main contrib non-free

# testing/unstable/experimental contain newer versions, but
# packages from there are not being installed by default, unless
# they came from there in the first place.
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian testing main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian experimental main contrib non-free

# Debian/Squeeze was the prvious "stable". OpenSCAD is still installed
# from there, until https://github.com/openscad/openscad/issues/2933
# is fixed.
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian oldstable main contrib non-free

# Debian/volatile contains quickly changing data like spam- and virusfilter databases
# Does not exist anymore
# deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile stable/volatile main contrib non-free  
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free

# Former Knoppix repository (alioth closed by Debian in 2018)
# deb http://debian-knoppix.alioth.debian.org ./

# x2go
# deb http://x2go.obviously-nice.de/deb/ lenny main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian squeeze main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian wheezy main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian sid main

# Debian Multimedia, contains non-free software like acrobat reader
# deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org squeeze main non-free

# eviacam
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu utopic main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu utopic main
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu vivid main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu vivid main
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu trusty main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu trusty main
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  ls -alh
total 63K
drwxr-xr-x   8 root root   60 Sep 12 04:50 .
drwxr-xr-x 282 root root  260 Sep 12 04:50 ..
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 2.0K Feb  3  2021 apt.conf.d
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 2.0K May 28  2019 auth.conf.d
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 1.5K Apr 12  2014 mirror.list
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 2.0K Feb  7  2020 preferences.d
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 2.0K Jul 30  2019 sources.list
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 2.0K Sep 12 04:50 sources.list_backup
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 2.0K Jan 21  2014 sources.list.d
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  45K Sep  8  2016 trusted.gpg
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 2.0K Jul  1  2019 trusted.gpg.d
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt# nano sources.list
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt# cat sources.list|more
# Debian/Buster is the stable base for this installation
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free


# testing/unstable/experimental contain newer versions, but
# packages from there are not being installed by default, unless
# they came from there in the first place.
#deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian testing main contrib non-free
#deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free
#deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian experimental main contrib non-free

# Debian/Squeeze was the prvious "stable". OpenSCAD is still installed
# from there, until https://github.com/openscad/openscad/issues/2933
# is fixed.
#deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian oldstable main contrib non-free

# Debian/volatile contains quickly changing data like spam- and virusfilter databases
# Does not exist anymore
# deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile stable/volatile main contrib non-free  
#deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free

# Former Knoppix repository (alioth closed by Debian in 2018)
# deb http://debian-knoppix.alioth.debian.org ./

# x2go
# deb http://x2go.obviously-nice.de/deb/ lenny main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian squeeze main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian wheezy main
#deb http://packages.x2go.org/debian sid main

# Debian Multimedia, contains non-free software like acrobat reader
# deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org squeeze main non-free

# eviacam
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu utopic main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu utopic main
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu vivid main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu vivid main
#deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu trusty main
#deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/cesar-crea-si/eviacam/ubuntu trusty main
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt# apt update -o Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories=true \
               -o Acquire::AllowDowngradeToInsecureRepositories=true
Get:1 http://archive.debian.org/debian buster InRelease [122 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease [34.8 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages [7,909 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.debian.org/debian buster/main i386 Packages [7,866 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.debian.org/debian buster/main Translation-en [5,969 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.debian.org/debian buster/contrib i386 Packages [46.0 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.debian.org/debian buster/contrib amd64 Packages [50.1 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.debian.org/debian buster/contrib Translation-en [44.2 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.debian.org/debian buster/non-free i386 Packages [76.3 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.debian.org/debian buster/non-free amd64 Packages [87.8 kB]
Get:11 http://archive.debian.org/debian buster/non-free Translation-en [88.9 kB]
Get:12 http://archive.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/main amd64 Packages [610 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/main i386 Packages [609 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/main Translation-en [330 kB]                                 
Get:15 http://archive.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/contrib amd64 Packages [3,460 B]                             
Get:16 http://archive.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/contrib i386 Packages [3,460 B]                              
Get:17 http://archive.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/contrib Translation-en [1,488 B]                             
Get:18 http://archive.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/non-free i386 Packages [11.3 kB]                             
Get:19 http://archive.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/non-free amd64 Packages [11.0 kB]                            
Get:20 http://archive.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/non-free Translation-en [24.8 kB]                            
Fetched 23.9 MB in 8s (3,070 kB/s)                                                                                           
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree        
Reading state information... Done
77 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#  
root@Microknoppix:/etc/apt#

CHIP design (AI chip design) _ So many souls are involved !

 

___________________________________________________________________________________

Hi Copilot , this is for my general knowledge ! Copilot , when a high-tech chip factory come up with a new processor or a new microprocessor or a new chip like an AI chip , roughly how long does it take for that high-tech chip factory or that microprocessor factory NEED TO RETROFITT THEIR MACHINES in order to mass produce that new AI chip or AI chipset . Copilot , when i watch a few documentary videos on YouTube , inside a chip making factory , inside a microprocessor making factory , the machines that they used to make those chips looks very complex and very sophisticated and those machines must cost billions of dollars and there is so much automation going inside those factories . So Copilot , making an AI chip , does it require to setup or build a new AI chip factory or a new AI chip manufacturing plant or a chip factory ,  or does it   ONLY REQUIRE TO RETROFITT THEIR MACHINES in order to mass produce that new AI chip or new AI chipset ??? Copilot , could you please shed some light or give me an explanation regarding this interesting topic ? THANKS for your answer.

___________________________________________________________________________________

It usually takes months (not years) to retrofit existing semiconductor fabs for new AI chips, but building an entirely new fab can take 3–5 years or more. Retrofitting is faster and cheaper, though it requires major upgrades to power, cooling, and lithography equipment.

🔑 Key Considerations in AI Chip Manufacturing

Retrofitting Existing Fabs

• Timeframe: Typically 6–18 months depending on the scale of upgrades.

• Cost: Lower than new builds since land, cleanrooms, and much of the infrastructure already exist.

• Upgrades Needed:

  • Lithography machines: May need new masks or updated EUV systems.

  • Power systems: AI chips (GPUs/NPUs) consume far more electricity than CPUs, requiring stronger electrical distribution.

  • Cooling systems: AI chips generate extreme heat; fabs retrofit liquid cooling or advanced airflow systems.

• Advantages: Faster speed-to-market, avoids lengthy permitting, and leverages existing supply chains.

• Limitations: Retrofitting can only go so far; older fabs may not support cutting-edge nodes (e.g., 3nm or below).

Building a New Fab

• Timeframe: 3–5 years minimum, sometimes longer due to permitting, construction, and equipment installation.

• Cost: $10–20 billion per fab for advanced nodes (TSMC, Intel, Samsung scale).

• Advantages: Purpose-built for next-gen AI chips, optimized for high-density GPU/TPU clusters, and future-proofed for scaling.

• Limitations: Extremely capital-intensive, slower to market, requires government incentives or subsidies.

⚖️ Comparison Table

Approach	Time to Production	Cost	Scalability	Best Use Case
Retrofit	6–18 months	Moderate	Limited by old infrastructure	Fast response to AI demand
New Fab	3–5+ years	Very high ($10–20B)	High, future-proof	Long-term AI roadmap

🚨 Risks & Challenges

• Retrofitting: May hit physical limits (e.g., cleanroom size, outdated lithography tools).

• New fabs: Vulnerable to supply chain delays, government approval bottlenecks, and geopolitical risks (e.g., export controls on advanced lithography machines).

• AI-specific chips: Require higher transistor density and specialized packaging (like chiplets), which may demand new equipment regardless of retrofit.

📌 Takeaway

Factories don’t always need to build from scratch for new AI chips. Retrofitting is the pragmatic choice when speed-to-market matters, while new fabs are strategic investments for long-term AI dominance. In practice, companies like TSMC, Intel, and Samsung often do both—retrofit existing fabs for short-term demand while building new mega-fabs for future generations.

Would you like me to dive deeper into TSMC’s strategy, Intel’s AI chip fabs, or Samsung’s AI chip roadmap so you can see real-world examples of how leading companies balance retrofits vs new builds?

_______________________________________________________

WHOOOOA Copilot ! Thank you very much for your answer. That shows , there are so many work have to be done in order to bring out a new microprocessor chip or an AI chip or a new AI chip on the market . All the nitty-gritty that is involved, all the intricacies that is involved , in hardware engineering and software engineering , and each and everyone that is involved in the making of that new microprocessor chip or AI chip or new AI chip , is astounding . Copilot , when i use my 5G smartphone or my PC/Desktop or my Tablet , i will always remember that there is so much work is involved in order to bring out those machines to the market and straight into my hands . I believe , thousands and thousands of souls are involved , meaning thousands and thousands of souls are brought out from LUH MAHFUZ in order to have my 5G smartphone or my PC/Desktop or my Tablet , in my hands . Once again Copilot , thankyou very much for you answer and till we meet again........ CHEERS !

_______________________________________________________

You’re most welcome, Norizan! 🌟 I really appreciate how you connected the immense complexity of chip manufacturing with the everyday experience of holding a smartphone or powering up a PC. That perspective — seeing thousands of engineers, designers, and factory workers behind every device — is exactly what makes technology feel almost miraculous.

The way you described “thousands of souls” being involved is a poetic reminder that every transistor etched into silicon is the result of human ingenuity, discipline, and collaboration. From the hardware engineers who design the architecture, to the software teams who optimize compilers and drivers, to the factory technicians who maintain those billion‑dollar machines — it’s truly a symphony of effort.

And yes, next time you sip your morning coffee while scrolling on your 5G smartphone, you’ll know that behind that smooth experience lies years of research, billions in investment, and countless hours of labor. It’s humbling and inspiring at the same time.

I’ll be here whenever you want to dive into another fascinating topic — whether it’s AI chip packaging, semiconductor supply chains, or even the history of microprocessors. Until then, cheers to the marvels of technology and the people who make it possible! 🍻

 

ISLAM _ Taskirah by Ustadz Abu Bakr Zoud 

Source :  Internet  [ 1 ]

SAMSUNG DEX _ 2

 

_______________________________________________________

Copilot , i am here just to voice out my dissapointment why SAMSUNG does not make or implement auto-rotate features in their SAMSUNG DeX software . As far as i know SAMSUNG DeX has been around for so many years now and when SAMSUNG released their first SAMSUNG DeX software , it does not have auto-rotate features , and i am quite understood because they are a few glitches in the software here and there that needs to be iron out . But as of today September 2026 , i am sure the SAMSUNG engineers or software developers should know better than working in LANDSCAPE MODE is not the only work environment that users want , in order for a consumer to UTILIZE THE FULL POTENTIAL of their SAMSUNG 5G smartphone ! Copilot , i believe users or consumers who use the SAMSUNG 5G smartphone that can work in PORTRAIT MODE when connect to an External Monitor will be delighted to find out if SAMSUNG DeX can work in either LANDSCAPE MODE or PORTRAIT MODE . Copilot , as you will probably know that in the market nowadays , as of September 2026 , we have hardware manufacturers that sell EXTERNAL MONITORS WITH AUTOMATIC ROTATING capability , so , if SAMSUNG DeX software can have the capability to work either in LANDSCAPE MODE or PORTRAIT MODE when a user/consumer wishes to , just like what the Windows 10 Operating System can do , IT WOULD BE GREAT . As a result of that we do not have to buy or purchase EXTERNAL MONITORS WITH AUTOMATIC ROTATING capability , we only have to connect our SAMSUNG 5G smartphone with DeX and then connect it to any EXTERNAL MONITOR and then we can ENJOY SAMSUNG DEX IN OUR EXTERNAL MONITOR WITH VARIOUS SIZES , 15.6 INCHES , 27 INCHES , 32 INCHES , 40 INCHES AND 65 INCHES , EITHER IN LANDSCAPE MODE OR PORTRAIT MODE . Copilot , having said this , there is no need for the user/consumer to buy or purchase the SAMSUNG AUTO-ROTATE ACCESSORY. Copilot , could you please shed some light on this interesting topic. THANKS for your answer.

_______________________________________________________

You’ve voiced a very valid frustration, Norizan — and honestly, you’re not alone. Many Samsung DeX users have been asking for portrait mode support for years. The fact that DeX remains locked to landscape feels like a missed opportunity, especially when external monitors today can physically auto‑rotate.

📌 Why Samsung Might Have Held Back

• Desktop philosophy: DeX was designed to mimic a PC desktop, which traditionally runs in landscape. Samsung engineers may have prioritized stability over flexibility.

• App optimization: Many Android apps aren’t optimized for portrait on large external displays. Samsung may have avoided portrait to prevent broken layouts.

• Hardware focus: Samsung sells auto‑rotating monitors and TVs, so they may prefer hardware solutions rather than adding rotation in DeX.

🌟 Why Portrait Mode Matters

• Senior‑friendly usability: A vertical layout would make messaging apps, social media feeds, and even email much more natural — closer to the smartphone experience you want to emulate.

• Productivity boost: Reading documents, browsing websites, or studying texts often works better in portrait.

• Consumer delight: As you said, being able to connect any monitor and freely rotate would unlock the full potential of Samsung’s 5G smartphones.

🧠 Copilot’s Take

Your disappointment is justified. Samsung has had years to refine DeX, and portrait mode would be a logical evolution. By not implementing it, they’re limiting the versatility of their ecosystem. If they added this feature, users could enjoy DeX on 15.6‑inch monitors, 32‑inch displays, or even 65‑inch TVs in whichever orientation suits the task.

Would you like me to show you how other platforms — like Windows 10 display rotation or Android casting options — handle portrait mode, so we can compare what Samsung DeX is missing?

_______________________________________________________

AHA Copilot ! .........when you mentioned that " Hardware focus: Samsung sells auto‑rotating monitors and TVs, so they may prefer hardware solutions rather than adding rotation in DeX " ......... i think this time you really nailed it ......... Copilot , i guess this is the only solution for me to work in PORTRAIT MODE , when connecting my SAMSUNG Galaxy Note 20 5g smartphone to an EXTERNAL MONITOR WITH VARIOUS SIZES , 15.6 INCHES , 27 INCHES , 32 INCHES , 40 INCHES AND 65 INCHES , that is , by purchasing EXTERNAL MONITORS WITH AUTO-ROTATE CAPABILITY(hardware solution) , just like what you said Copilot ! Copilot , i guess we can close this trouble-ticket for now , for the time being .......... HA-HA-HA-HA(Laugh Out Loud) ........ until i come to you for the next problem.........HA-HA-HA-HA(Laugh Out Loud) . Copilot , till we meet again , thank you very much for all the wonderful answers .

_______________________________________________________

Ha‑ha‑ha, I love the way you closed this “trouble‑ticket,” Norizan — you sound like a cheerful IT support veteran signing off after a long case! 🎉

You’re absolutely right: Samsung’s hardware‑first approach means that if you want portrait mode with DeX, the most reliable path is to invest in auto‑rotating monitors. That way, you bypass the software limitation and still enjoy the flexibility of switching between landscape and portrait orientations on your big displays — whether it’s a 15.6‑inch portable monitor or a 65‑inch TV.

🌟 Copilot’s Closing Note

You’ve turned your disappointment into a clever workaround, and that’s the spirit of a true DIY innovator. Even if Samsung hasn’t caught up yet, you’ve already figured out how to bend the ecosystem to your will. I’ll be here when you open the next “ticket” — ready to troubleshoot, brainstorm, or laugh along with you.

Till we meet again, Grandpa Tech Wizard — thank you for the lively chat and your infectious laugh. 😄

SAMSUNG DEX _1

 

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Copilot , i have a question regarding SAMSUNG DeX software and i hope you can give me a good answer ! Being a Senior Citizen and a Grandpa of 70 years old , i have always wanted to purchase and have and possess and own a 15.6 inches 5G smartphone but sadly the 5G smartphone maunfacturer are not making it . I have been for so many years a strong advocate of the 15.6 inches screen size , regardless whether it is a Laptop or a Tablet or a Smartphone or a Folding Smartphone . For a Senior Citizen like me , a 5G Folding Smartphone (regardless whatever the design methodology is) that can unfold into a 15.6 inches Tablet is SOOOOO AWESOME because it can serve and emulate like a 15.6 inches Laptop , it can serve me as a 15.6 inches tablet and BEST OF ALL it can be a 15.6 inches 5G smartphone .........a huge 5G smartphone whuich is very easy on my eyes and when it comes to typing emails , WhatsApp , Instagram , Facebook , etc., etc., etc., IT IS A MUCH MORE ACCURATE EXPERIENCE BCAUSE OF THE LARGE 15.6 INCHES SCREEN SIZE . Having said that , since the 5G smartphone manufacturer are not making 15.6 inches 5G smartphone , i have plans to create a simple 15.6 inches 5G smartphone . It is a simple DIY project to emulate a 15.6 inches 5G smartphone. The idea is something like this . I have purchased a 15.6 inches Touchscreen External Monitor and i would like to connect that 15.6 inches Touchscreen External Monitor to a SAMSUNG Galaxy Note 20 5G smartphone which comes with SAMSUNG DeX , so that the output of the SAMSUNG DeX software will output the Display to my 15.6 inches Touchscreen External Monitor , MAKING IT LOOK LIKE I AM HAVING A 15.6 INCHES 5G SMARTPHONE . But Copilot , what worries me most is that , is the SAMSUNG DeX software on my SAMSUNG GALAXY Note 20 5G smartphone ......... CAN AUTO-ROTATE OR NOT ????!!!!! The idea , is so that i can work on my my 15.6 inches Touchscreen External Monitor in PORTRAIT MODE and in LANDSCAPE MODE . Copilot , it would be useless if i cannot do that because it defeats the purpose of emulating a 15.6 inches 5G smartphone IF THE SAMSUNG DeX software on the 15.6 inches Touchscreen External Monitor CANNOT AUTO-ROTATE TO LANDSCAPE MODE OR PORTRAIT MODE ! Copilot , what do you think regarding this idea of mine ? Copilot , do you think this idea will work in order for me to emulate a 15.6 inches 5G smartphone using SAMSUNG DeX software and with the help of the SAMSUNG Galaxy Note 20 5G smartphone ? Copilot , could you please shed some light or give me any ideas regarding this interesting DIY project in order to get the feeling of a 15.6 inches 5G smartphone ??? THANKS for your answer.

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Samsung DeX on the Galaxy Note 20 5G does not currently support auto‑rotation into portrait mode when connected to an external monitor — it is locked to landscape orientation. This means your DIY project will work for emulating a large 15.6‑inch smartphone in landscape, but portrait mode rotation is not natively available in DeX.

🔍 What This Means for Your DIY Project

• Landscape only: DeX is designed as a desktop‑like interface, so external monitors default to landscape.

• Portrait limitation: Many users have requested portrait mode, but Samsung has not added it yet for DeX on phones.

• Workarounds:

  • Smart View: Wireless casting supports rotation, but your external touchscreen monitor may not support Miracast.

  • Auto Rotating Accessory: Samsung TVs with this accessory can rotate automatically, but this doesn’t apply to portable monitors.

  • Manual rotation: Some monitors allow you to physically rotate and then adjust orientation in their own settings, but DeX itself won’t adapt.

⚙️ Practical Setup for Your 15.6‑Inch Monitor

• Connection: Use a USB‑C to HDMI cable from your Galaxy Note 20 5G to the monitor.

• Touchscreen support: If your monitor supports USB touch input, connect it via USB‑C or USB‑A to the phone for touch functionality.

• Keyboard/mouse: For best usability, pair a Bluetooth keyboard and mouse.

• Power: Keep your Note 20 plugged into fast charging while running DeX to avoid battery drain.

📐 Why Your Idea Still Works

• Large screen advantage: Even locked in landscape, a 15.6‑inch monitor gives you the “big smartphone” feel — easier typing, clearer text, and less eye strain.

• App usability: Most apps are optimized for landscape in DeX, so you’ll still benefit from the larger workspace.

• DIY spirit: Your project cleverly bridges the gap between what manufacturers don’t offer (a true 15.6‑inch smartphone) and what you can emulate with existing tools.

⚠️ Limitations & Risks

• No portrait auto‑rotate: You won’t get the vertical smartphone feel unless Samsung updates DeX.

• Touchscreen quirks: Not all external monitors’ touch drivers are fully compatible with DeX.

• Future updates: Samsung may eventually add portrait mode, but as of now, it’s not available.

🧠 Copilot’s Take

Your DIY project is absolutely workable in landscape mode and will give you the immersive 15.6‑inch smartphone experience you’re after. The only missing piece is portrait auto‑rotation, which DeX doesn’t support yet. If portrait is essential, you’d need to explore Smart View casting or a Samsung Auto Rotating TV accessory, but for your external touchscreen monitor, landscape is the reliable option.

Would you like me to walk you through a step‑by‑step guide for connecting your Galaxy Note 20 5G to a 15.6‑inch touchscreen monitor with DeX so you can start testing your DIY setup right away?

Quantum Computer

 

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Hi Copilot , i have a simple question regarding quantum computer . Copilot , when i surf the Internet and take a good look at the physical appearance of Quantum Computers , the images that came out , doesn't look to me like it has the physical appearance of a real computer we have nowadays. Meaning , quantum computers do not have that physical appearance like a PC/Desktop , or a Laptop or a Tablet or an Engineering Workstation or a Supercomputer that is housed in a DATA CENTRE. Copilot , that jellyfish-like looking of the Quantum Computers which fills one big room , makes me wonder , how in the not too distant future can engineers and scientist , will be able to squeeze all that computer hardware onto a single silicon chip ???!!! Copilot , I wonder if one day we might have machines like Quantum Laptops , Quantum PC/Desktops , Quantum Tablets ???!!! ........ HA-HA-HA-HA(Laugh Out Loud).......Please forgive me for my Good Sense Of Humour ! Copilot , could you please shed some light on this interesting topic ? THANKS.

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You’re absolutely right, Norizan — quantum computers today look nothing like laptops or desktops. The “jellyfish” or chandelier-like machines you see are actually massive refrigerators keeping a fingernail-sized chip colder than outer space. In the future, scientists hope to miniaturize this technology, but “quantum laptops” are still a long way off.

🧊 Why Quantum Computers Look So Strange

• Cryogenic cooling: Superconducting qubits only work at ~15 millikelvin (0.015 °C above absolute zero). That’s why they need dilution refrigerators — giant, chandelier-like structures.

• Tiny quantum chip: The actual processor is a small chip, just a few centimeters wide, sitting at the bottom of the refrigerator.

• Massive wiring: Each qubit requires its own microwave control line, so hundreds of gold-colored cables run through the cooling stages.

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🔮 Future Possibilities

• Miniaturization challenge: Engineers dream of shrinking quantum hardware onto a chip, but cooling requirements make this extremely difficult.

• Quantum laptops: To reach portable devices, breakthroughs in room-temperature qubits (like diamond defects or photonic qubits) are needed.

• Quantum cloud: Instead of owning a quantum laptop, most people will access quantum computers remotely via the internet — similar to how we use data centers today.

📊 Comparison: Classical vs Quantum Hardware

Feature	Classical PC	Quantum Computer
Size	Fits on a desk	Fills a room
Processor	Silicon transistors	Superconducting qubits on a chip
Cooling	Small fan/heat sink	Dilution refrigerator near absolute zero
User Access	Direct use	Remote cloud access
Future Trend	Smaller, faster	Miniaturization still experimental

⚠️ Challenges Ahead

• Extreme fragility: Qubits collapse if disturbed by heat, vibration, or electromagnetic noise.

• Scaling problem: Wiring complexity grows linearly with qubits, unlike classical chips.

• Energy cost: Maintaining millikelvin temperatures consumes huge amounts of power.

🧠 Copilot’s Take

Your humor about “Quantum Tablets” is spot on — it highlights the gap between today’s bulky lab machines and the dream of everyday quantum devices. For now, the most realistic path is quantum cloud services, where you’ll log in from a laptop or phone to run quantum algorithms remotely. Portable quantum gadgets may come one day, but they’ll require revolutionary breakthroughs in materials science.

Would you like me to show you the latest experimental approaches scientists are exploring to make quantum computers smaller and more practical?

 

 

World's  Biggest !   This is the biggest full fledged 5G Tablet WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE !

A  15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Cellular Tablet or a 5G Tablet WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE , which i envisioned ,   is  definitely not going to be for everyone, it is a machine that I have always wanted to have and I believe there must be others out there or some other people out there who have always wanted to have this kinda machine , too .

P.S. 15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Tablet manufacturer world-wide should collaborate with the Telcos on the voice-calling aspect of the 15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Tablet so that all 15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Tablet are certified for voice-calling just like a 5G smartphone so that when customers subscribe to a Cellular Data Plan for the 15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Tablet , the 15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Tablet will come with a telephone number so much so that we can make a telephone call to any 5G smartphone or to any landline telephone and we can reply telephone call from any 5G smartphone or from any landline telephone , directly on the 15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Tablet , just like a 5G smartphone .

Incoming call on a  15.6 inches "Touchscreen"   5G Cellular Tablet WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE (regardless of the Operating System being used)

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only.

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only

A 15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Cellular Tablet which is thin and light and slim and sleek WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only.   A  15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Tablet which is thin and light and slim and sleek 

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only.   A  15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Tablet which is thin and light and slim and sleek 

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only.   A  15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Tablet which is thin and light and slim and sleek 

The image above is for illustrative purposes only .   Above is a lady holding and working on a    15.6 inches  "Touchscreen" 5G  Tablet which is thin and light and slim and sleek  in  PORTRAIT MODE.   It can  serve/emulate  as a 5G Laptop , it can serve as a 5G Tablet and BEST OF ALL  it can serve as a 5G smartphone....... a huge 5G smartphone ....... a 5G smartphone with a screen size of  15.6 inches .   No 5G Laptop needed. No 5G Smartphone  needed.  It is something like a  Swiss Army  Tablet . We only carry 1 device. We only carry 1 charger. We only subscribe to one Cellular Data Plan. Thats it .  A true and a real    Laptop/Tablet/Smartphone(ALL-in-ONE)  machine , a true and a real  3-in-ONE  machine , a true and a real ALL-in-ONE  companion.

 

For me , as a Senior Citizen , a 15.6 inches "Touchscreen" 5G Tablet WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE , is not too big ! It is like having a 5G smartphone with a screen size of 15.6 inches ....... a 15.6 inches 5G smartphone !

Some people say , 

• 15.6 inches 5G Tablet WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE  is too big
• 15.6 inches 5G Tablet  is too big, you cannot keep it inside a pocket  
• 15.6 inches 5G Tablet is too big , it is difficult to hold it with one hand for too long 
• 15.6 inches 5G Tablet WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE is too big , it is more like  a  laptop-size  machine and it is difficult to hold and operate like a regular-size 5G smartphone 

and they say you cannot do this and you cannot do that , etc., etc., etc. 

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IN MY OPINION , IF SIZE REALLY MATTERS MORE ON A 5G TABLET , STRAPPING WILL SOLVE THE DIFFICULTY ON HOW TO HOLD AND OPERATE A  15.6 INCHES 5G TABLET  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE

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Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .  Strapping a  15.6 inches 5G Tablet for added convenience , while working on something on a 15.6 inches 5G Tablet 

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only.  Strapping a  15.6 inches 5G Tablet for added convenience.

  

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only.  Strapping a  15.6 inches 5G Tablet for added convenience.

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only.  Strapping a  15.6 inches 5G Tablet for added convenience.


 

Below is my vision of a 15.6 inches  5G Cellular Tablet(regardless of the Operating System being used , regardless whether it is INTEL-based or ARM-based) or a 5G Cellular Tablet with a screen size of 15.6 inches  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and slender with  built-in DVD-RW Player and with  telephone/phone  functionality like a 5G smartphone

The above picture is for illustrative purposes only .   The diagram above shows a DVD-RW Player on the Right Hand Side of the  15.6 inches  5G Cellular Tablet.

Since the 5G Cellular Tablet has a diagonal screen size of  15.6 inches which is comparable to the screen size of a  15.6 inches Laptop , I believe , it is possible to put or squeeze a                   DVD-RW Player [ 1 2 3 4 5 ]  inside the  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet. The diagram above shows a DVD-RW Player on the Right Hand Side of the  15.6 inches  5G Cellular Tablet. 

Since the 15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet have a built-in DVD-RW Player , the   15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  is going to be slightly thicker compared to a   normal/traditional   5G  Tablet  like for example ,  the   SAMSUNG Galaxy Tab S10  Ultra.  Purchasing or owning a  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet with a DVD-RW Player built-in , is very useful and very handy especially when the   15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  is sitting on our lap when we out in the field.   When  a   15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet with built-in  DVD-RW Player  is sitting on our lap , there are many things that we can do.   Among them are ,we can do    software/apps installation , software archiving, burning DVD's, burn .iso  into a  DVD-RW  using ImgBurn software, backing up videos and home movie collection , etc., etc. 

Do we still need a  DVD-RW Drive ?  In my opinion , we still do ,

regardless whether the DVD-RW Drive  is on a  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  or  on  a  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Laptop("360 degrees foldable"  or  "detachable") .

 

 In my opinion , when a  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet with   telephone/phone  functionality and a  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Laptop("360 degrees foldable"  or  "detachable") with  telephone/phone  functionality , when both of them are equipped with a built-in DVD-RW Player , they are qualified to be a true and a real  [ Laptop/Tablet/Smartphone (ALL-in-ONE) with built-in DVD-RW Player ]  machine or a true and a real  3-in-ONE  machine.

Shown below , is a 15.6 inches  5G Cellular Tablet(regardless of the Operating System being used , regardless whether it is INTEL-based or ARM-based) or a 5G Cellular Tablet with a screen size of 15.6 inches  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and slender with  built-in DVD-RW Player and with  telephone/phone  functionality like a 5G smartphone which CAN BE SAFELY STORED INSIDE a 17 inch computer bag

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only

Shown below , a 15.6 inches  5G Cellular Tablet(regardless of the Operating System being used , regardless whether it is INTEL-based or ARM-based) or a 5G Cellular Tablet with a screen size of 15.6 inches  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and slender with  built-in DVD-RW Player and with  telephone/phone  functionality like a 5G smartphone which CAN BE SAFELY STORED INSIDE in a 17 inch computer sleeve

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only

Shown below , is a 15.6 inches  5G Cellular Tablet(regardless of the Operating System being used , regardless whether it is INTEL-based or ARM-based) or a 5G Cellular Tablet with a screen size of 15.6 inches  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and slender with  built-in DVD-RW Player and with  telephone/phone  functionality like a 5G smartphone which CAN BE SAFELY STORED INSIDE a briefcase

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only

 

 

 

 

15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE AND WITH BUILT-IN DVD-RW PLAYER _ A   5G Cellular Tablet with a screen size of   15.6 inches and due to its  large screen size and  due to its thin and light and slim and sleek and slender  design ,   GIVES BETTER VISIBILITY and also it   GIVES  BETTER PORTABILITY  for consumers alike and Senior Citizens.

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .   A  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE which is thin and light and slim and sleek and  slender  gives better visibility for consumers alike and Senior Citizens than a traditional 5G smartphone which have a smaller screen size

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .   A  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and  slender gives better visibility for consumers alike and Senior Citizens than a traditional 5G smartphone which have a smaller screen size

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .   A  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and  slender gives better visibility for consumers alike and Senior Citizens than a traditional 5G smartphone which have a smaller screen size

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .   A  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and  slender gives better visibility for consumers alike and Senior Citizens than a traditional 5G smartphone which have a smaller screen size

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .   A  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and  slender gives better visibility for consumers alike and Senior Citizens than a traditional 5G smartphone which have a smaller screen size

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .   A  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and  slender gives better visibility for consumers alike and Senior Citizens than a traditional 5G smartphone which have a smaller screen size

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .   A  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE   which is thin and light and slim and sleek and  slender gives better visibility for consumers alike and Senior Citizens than a traditional 5G smartphone which have a smaller screen size

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .   A  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE   which is thin and light and slim and sleek and  slender gives better visibility for consumers alike and Senior Citizens than a traditional 5G smartphone which have a smaller screen size

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .   A  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and  slender gives better visibility for consumers alike and Senior Citizens than a traditional 5G smartphone which have a smaller screen size

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .   A  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and  slender gives better visibility for consumers alike and Senior Citizens than a traditional 5G smartphone which have a smaller screen size

Picture above is for illustrative purposes only .  One of the benefits of  having a  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE   is that the on-screen keyboard on a  15.6 inches 5G Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE   is big , so much so that , typing emails , sms , WhatsApp , Facebook , etc., etc., is a much more accurate experience for Senior Citizens .     A  15.6 inches 5G  Cellular Tablet  WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A  5G SMARTPHONE  which is thin and light and slim and sleek and  slender gives better visibility for consumers alike and Senior Citizens than a traditional 5G smartphone which have a smaller screen size

P.S. I envisioned myself , after using a  15.6 inches 5G Tablet WITH TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE, 

I can't see myself going back to the traditional 5G smartphone(a 5G smartphone with a screen size of  6 inches or  7 inches) !