Friday, 31 October 2025

Configure TP-LINK AC1300 using Linux Operating System DEBIAN13_1

 #   apt-get install -y dkms git build-essential

#   git clone https://github.com/cilynx/rtl88x2bu.git
#   cd rtl88x2bu

After changing the directory , key in all this 
as shown below and press ENTER :

VER=$(sed -n 's/PACKAGE_VERSION="\(.*\)"/\1/p' dkms.conf)

After that run the following Linux commands shown below
one by one :

sudo rsync -rvhP ./ /usr/src/rtl88x2bu-${VER}
sudo dkms add -m rtl88x2bu -v ${VER}
sudo dkms build -m rtl88x2bu -v ${VER}
sudo dkms install -m rtl88x2bu -v ${VER}

#  modprobe 88x2bu
#  reboot
After that check if the adapter is detected or not
#  ip a
#  iwconfig

You should see a new wireless interface 
(e.g., wlan0 or wlp2s0).
🧠 Troubleshooting Tips
  • If the adapter isn’t detected, try plugging it 
into a different USB port.
  • Run dmesg | grep usb to check for USB recognition.
  • Use lsusb to confirm the device is listed.

MICROSOFT Copilot  Answer

You're doing everything right — and this is a common 
roadblock when building kernel modules like 
your Wi-Fi driver. That error means your 
system is missing the kernel headers needed 
to compile the driver for your current kernel version.


Let’s fix it step by step 👇




🛠️ Step-by-Step: Fix “Kernel Headers Not Found” Error


✅ 1. Identify Your Exact Kernel Version


Run this command:


uname -r



You’ll see something like:


6.12.43+deb13-amd64





✅ 2. Install Matching Kernel Headers


Now install the headers for your kernel:


sudo apt update
sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r)





If you get a “package not found” error, it means 
 
the headers for your kernel version aren’t 
 
available in the default repositories. 
 
In that case:






🧪 3. Fix with a Compatible Kernel (if headers are 
missing)


Sometimes custom or bleeding-edge kernels don’t have 
headers in the repo. You can:


    

  • Switch to a standard kernel:

    sudo apt install linux-image-amd64 
     linux-headers-amd64
    

  • Then reboot:

    sudo reboot

    • 



After reboot, verify the new kernel:


uname -r



Then re-run your DKMS build:


cd ~/rtl88x2bu
VER=$(sed -n 's/PACKAGE_VERSION="\(.*\)"/\1/p' dkms.conf)
sudo rsync -rvhP ./ /usr/src/rtl88x2bu-${VER}
sudo dkms add -m rtl88x2bu -v ${VER}
sudo dkms build -m rtl88x2bu -v ${VER}
sudo dkms install -m rtl88x2bu -v ${VER}





Let me know what uname -r shows — I’ll help you 
find the exact headers or guide you through 
switching kernels safely. 
You're almost there!  github.com




Hi Copilot ....... after reboot ....... when i run 
the command 
" uname -r " .......... i got  the message  
" 6.12.43+deb13-amd64 " ........ 
is this okay or i am suppose to get 
something else ?  THANKS for the answer.

MICROSOFT Copilot Answer

Thanks for checking — and yes, that output confirms you're still running 
the same custom kernel version:


6.12.43+deb13-amd64



This is okay if you can install the matching kernel headers. But based 
on your earlier error, it looks like Debian’s package repositories 
don’t have headers for this specific kernel version, which is 
why DKMS failed to build your Wi-Fi driver.




🧠 What You Can Do Next


✅ Option 1: Switch to a Standard Kernel (Recommended)


Install Debian’s default kernel and headers:


sudo apt install linux-image-amd64 linux-headers-amd64



Then reboot:


sudo reboot



After reboot, check your kernel again:


uname -r



You should see something like:


6.1.0-xx-amd64



Now you’ll be able to install the headers with:


sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r)



Then retry the DKMS build steps for your Wi-Fi adapter.




🚫 Option 2: Stay on Custom Kernel (Advanced)


If you must stay on 6.12.43+deb13-amd64, you’ll need 
to manually locate or build the kernel headers — which is more complex 
and not ideal for average users.




Let me know if you'd like help switching kernels or if you're okay trying 
the manual header route — I’ll guide you either way!
Posted by at No comments:

Configure TP-LINK AC1300 using Linux Operating System DEBIAN13_2

 

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include/rtw_eeprom.h

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include/rtw_efuse.h

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include/rtw_event.h

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include/rtw_ht.h

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include/rtw_io.h

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include/rtw_ioctl.h

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include/rtw_ioctl_query.h

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include/rtw_ioctl_set.h

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include/rtw_iol.h

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include/rtw_mcc.h

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include/rtw_mem.h

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include/rtw_mi.h

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include/rtw_mlme.h

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include/rtw_mlme_ext.h

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include/rtw_mp.h

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include/rtw_mp_phy_regdef.h

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include/rtw_odm.h

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include/rtw_p2p.h

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include/rtw_pwrctrl.h

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include/rtw_qos.h

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include/rtw_recv.h

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include/rtw_rf.h

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include/rtw_rm.h

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include/rtw_rm_fsm.h

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include/rtw_rm_util.h

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include/rtw_rson.h

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include/rtw_sdio.h

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include/rtw_security.h

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include/rtw_sreset.h

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include/rtw_tdls.h

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include/rtw_version.h

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include/rtw_vht.h

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include/rtw_wapi.h

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include/rtw_xmit.h

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include/sdio_hal.h

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include/sdio_ops.h

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include/sdio_ops_ce.h

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include/sdio_ops_linux.h

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include/sdio_ops_xp.h

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include/sdio_osintf.h

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include/sta_info.h

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include/usb_hal.h

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include/usb_ops.h

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include/usb_ops_linux.h

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include/usb_osintf.h

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include/usb_vendor_req.h

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include/wifi.h

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include/wlan_bssdef.h

         10.17K 100%   79.45kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#632, to-chk=53/727)

include/xmit_osdep.h

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include/byteorder/

include/byteorder/big_endian.h

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include/byteorder/generic.h

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include/byteorder/little_endian.h

          3.39K 100%   26.24kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#636, to-chk=46/727)

include/byteorder/swab.h

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include/byteorder/swabb.h

          4.02K 100%   31.16kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#638, to-chk=44/727)

include/cmn_info/

include/cmn_info/rtw_sta_info.h

          8.45K 100%   65.49kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#639, to-chk=43/727)

include/linux/

include/linux/wireless.h

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os_dep/

os_dep/osdep_service.c

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os_dep/linux/

os_dep/linux/custom_gpio_linux.c

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os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c

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os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.h

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os_dep/linux/ioctl_linux.c

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os_dep/linux/ioctl_mp.c

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os_dep/linux/mlme_linux.c

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os_dep/linux/os_intfs.c

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os_dep/linux/recv_linux.c

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os_dep/linux/rhashtable.c

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os_dep/linux/rhashtable.h

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os_dep/linux/rtw_android.c

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os_dep/linux/rtw_cfgvendor.c

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os_dep/linux/rtw_rhashtable.h

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os_dep/linux/usb_intf.c

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os_dep/linux/usb_ops_linux.c

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os_dep/linux/wifi_regd.c

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os_dep/linux/wifi_regd.h

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os_dep/linux/xmit_linux.c

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platform/

platform/custom_country_chplan.h

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platform/platform_ARM_SUN50IW1P1_sdio.c

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platform/platform_ARM_SUNnI_sdio.c

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platform/platform_ARM_SUNxI_sdio.c

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platform/platform_ARM_SUNxI_usb.c

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platform/platform_ARM_WMT_sdio.c

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platform/platform_RTK_DMP_usb.c

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platform/platform_aml_s905_sdio.c

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platform/platform_aml_s905_sdio.h

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platform/platform_arm_act_sdio.c

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platform/platform_hisilicon_hi3798_sdio.c

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platform/platform_hisilicon_hi3798_sdio.h

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platform/platform_ops.c

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platform/platform_ops.h

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platform/platform_rockchips_sdio.c

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platform/platform_sprd_sdio.c

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platform/platform_zte_zx296716_sdio.c

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platform/platform_zte_zx296716_sdio.h

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sent 33.95M bytes  received 13.29K bytes  67.92M bytes/sec

total size is 33.89M  speedup is 1.00

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# 

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# 

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# 

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# dkms add -m rtl88x2bu -v ${VER}

Creating symlink /var/lib/dkms/rtl88x2bu/5.8.7.1/source -> /usr/src/rtl88x2bu-5.8.7.1

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# 

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# dkms build -m rtl88x2bu -v ${VER}


Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 6.12.43+deb13-amd64 cannot be found at /lib/modules/6.12.43+deb13-amd64/build or /lib/modules/6.12.43+deb13-amd64/source.

Please install the linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 package or use the --kernelsourcedir option to tell DKMS where it's located.

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# 

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# 

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# uname -r

6.12.43+deb13-amd64

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# pwd

/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# 

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

Installing:                     

  linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-amd64


Installing dependencies:

  linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-common  linux-kbuild-6.12.43+deb13  pahole


Summary:

  Upgrading: 0, Installing: 4, Removing: 0, Not Upgrading: 109

  Download size: 15.6 MB

  Space needed: 77.1 MB / 63.1 GB available


Continue? [Y/n] Y

Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-common all 6.12.43-1 [10.9 MB]

Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 pahole amd64 1.30-1 [259 kB]

Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 linux-kbuild-6.12.43+deb13 amd64 6.12.43-1 [1,531 kB]

Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie/main amd64 linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 amd64 6.12.43-1 [2,856 kB]

Fetched 15.6 MB in 2s (8,734 kB/s)                           

Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-common.

(Reading database ... 273568 files and directories currently installed.)

Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-common_6.12.43-1_all.deb ...

Unpacking linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-common (6.12.43-1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package pahole.

Preparing to unpack .../pahole_1.30-1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking pahole (1.30-1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package linux-kbuild-6.12.43+deb13.

Preparing to unpack .../linux-kbuild-6.12.43+deb13_6.12.43-1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking linux-kbuild-6.12.43+deb13 (6.12.43-1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-amd64.

Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-amd64_6.12.43-1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 (6.12.43-1) ...

Setting up linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-common (6.12.43-1) ...

Setting up pahole (1.30-1) ...

Setting up linux-kbuild-6.12.43+deb13 (6.12.43-1) ...

Setting up linux-headers-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 (6.12.43-1) ...

Processing triggers for man-db (2.13.1-1) ...

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# 

root@nurul-gp702pe:/home/nurul/Downloads/rtl88x2bu# 


Posted by at No comments:

Troubleshoot  "Your Clock is Behind"



Hi Copilot , I always get the message "Your Clock is Behind" on my DEBIAN 13 Linux PC/DESKTOP , what is the best and the simplest way to solve this problem ? Is there a GUI method to solve this problem or I do not have a choice but to use the "Linux command line" method ? THANKS Copilot for the answer. 


MICROSOFT  Copilot  Answer

The simplest way to fix the “Your Clock is Behind” error on Debian 13 is to enable automatic time synchronization using the timedatectl command — but if you prefer a GUI, you can use the GNOME or KDE system settings to adjust time and enable NTP.

Here’s how to solve it using both methods:

🖥️ Option 1: GUI Method (If You Use GNOME or KDE)

GNOME (e.g., Debian with GNOME Desktop)

  1. Open Settings.
  2. Go to Date & Time.
  3. Toggle “Automatic Date & Time” to ON.
  4. Make sure your Time Zone is correct.

KDE (Plasma Desktop)

  1. Open System Settings.
  2. Navigate to Date & Time.
  3. Enable “Set date and time automatically”.
  4. Choose the correct Time Zone.

If you don’t see these options, your desktop environment may not support GUI time settings — in that case, use the command line method below.

🧑‍💻 Option 2: Command Line Method (Works on All Setups)

✅ Step 1: Check Current Time Settings

timedatectl status

Look for:

  • NTP enabled: no → means time sync is off
  • System clock synchronized: no → means your clock is out of sync

✅ Step 2: Enable Time Sync

sudo timedatectl set-ntp true

This enables systemd-timesyncd, which syncs your clock with internet time servers.

✅ Step 3: Verify It’s Working

timedatectl status

You should now see:

  • NTP enabled: yes
  • System clock synchronized: yes

🧪 Optional: Manually Set Time Zone

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur

🧠 Why This Matters

Fixing your system clock ensures:

  • Secure websites load properly (no SSL errors)
  • Scheduled tasks run on time
  • File timestamps are accurate

Let me know your desktop environment (GNOME, KDE, XFCE, etc.) and I can guide you through the exact GUI steps if available!
Sources: AskUbuntu Ask Ubuntu, Bogdan Caraman’s Debian NTP Guide blog.bogdancaraman.com

Posted by at No comments:

Thursday, 30 October 2025

 

"360 degrees foldable"   so that it can   serve/function as  a Laptop and it can   serve/function  as  a  Tablet.

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5G CELLULAR LAPTOP WITH TELEPHONE/PHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE _ Intel-based processor and running Intel-based Windows Operating System

 

In my opinion , a 5G smartphone should’ve shipped with INTEL-based processors running Windows Operating System instead of ARM-based processors running Android Operating System . Since MICROSOFT is out of the Smartphone Business ,  as of today October 2025 , there is no way we can see a Windows 5G smartphone running Windows Operating System or to be exact , Windows Mobile Operating System . But , in my opinion , INTEL and MICROSOFT can still bring back the glory of the Windows Smartphone era , but this time , the Windows smartphone do have to look like a traditional 5G smartphone or have the physical appearance of a 5G smartphone .  I envisioned the Windows smartphone of today will look like a 5G Laptop and will have the physical appearance of a 5G Laptop and this 5G Laptop is "360 degrees foldable" and will have TELEPHONE FUNCTIONALITY LIKE A 5G SMARTPHONE . Besides being able to connect to a 5G network for high-speed broadband access like a 5G smartphone , this 5G Laptop WITH TELEPHONE/PHONE   functionality like a 5G smartphone , if existed today , will have a new name , and instead of calling it a 5G Laptop, it will be called by the name   5G Cellular Laptop . This 5G Cellular Laptop will be INTEL-based and it will be running the INTEL-based Windows Operating System(not ARM-based Windows Operating System that was used on Windows smartphone or Windows Tablet many years ago ) and , as of today October 2025 , this machine will be the new Windows 5G smartphone .

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openssh-server _ Install/Setup  "openssh-server"    package or software inside  a  Linux


Engineering Workstation that is running  Linux Operating System  DEBIAN 13 .    The purpose of this 

"openssh-server"   software is to transfer files from a  Linux machine to a  Windows machine and vice versa.  A Filezilla

Client Software is installed inside the Windows machine in order for the file transfer process to take place.

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Sunday, 26 October 2025

PCMANFM _ Linux Operating System System Utility

 

Hi Copilot , could you please teach me how can I delete or erase permanently all the files including all the files inside the subdirectories with the Linux tool called PCMANFM . I prefer to use PCMANFM because it is so easy to use compared to using the Linux command ???!! What i do not understand is when I delete all the files and all the files inside the subdirectories using PCMANFM using DEBIAN 13 , INSTEAD OF GETTING MORE FREE SPACE INSIDE MY HARD DISK DRIVE , I AM GETTING LESS HARD DISK SPACE ??? Copilot , is there a LINUX GUI tool that i can use to erase all the files permanently inside my DEBIAN 13 Hard Disk Drive without using the Linux command ? THANKS for the answer.


MICROSOFT  Copilot  Answer


You're very welcome! And wow — you’ve uncovered one of the sneaky quirks of Linux file managers like PCManFM 😅. Let’s break it down and get you a clean, GUI-based solution.

🧠 Why You're Losing Space After Deleting Files in PCManFM

When you delete files using PCManFM, they’re not erased permanently — they’re moved to the Trash (like a recycle bin). So they still occupy disk space until you empty the Trash.

✅ Fix: Empty the Trash

  1. Open PCManFM.
  2. Go to the Trash folder (usually in the sidebar or under ~/.local/share/Trash).
  3. Right-click and choose “Empty Trash”.

💡 You can also manually delete the Trash folder contents:

rm -rf ~/.local/share/Trash/*

(But I know you prefer GUI — so no worries!)

🧹 GUI Tools to Permanently Delete Files

If you want a graphical tool that securely and permanently deletes files (bypassing Trash), here are a few options:

🌟 1. BleachBit

  • Think of it as the “CCleaner” for Linux.
  • Can shred files, clean system caches, and free up space.
  • GUI-based and easy to use.

Install it:

sudo apt install bleachbit

🧨 2. File Shredder (GUI wrapper for shred)

  • Some distros offer GUI wrappers for the shred command.
  • You can drag and drop files to securely erase them.

Search your package manager for:

  • nautilus-wipe (works with GNOME)
  • wipe or shred GUI tools

🧭 Alternative: Configure PCManFM to Bypass Trash

You can tweak PCManFM to delete files immediately:

  1. Open PCManFM.
  2. Go to Edit > Preferences > Behavior.
  3. Enable “Bypass Trash when deleting files”.

Let me know if you want help installing BleachBit or setting up a shortcut to permanently delete files with one click!


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